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Distortion

失真/Shi1 Zhen1

n/a

CHEARS: False
EARS: True
CMT: True
EARS2 Encyclopedia: True

CHEARS:

EARS:

这个术语提及到的是关于出现在电子声学系统中变化的声音波形。在电声系统中产生失真的原因有:输入信号无法保持线性,导致产生出不必要的谐波;无法等量地通过完整的音频频谱;无法处理瞬态;无法在一定时间内通过所有信号。

在一些电声音乐和现代流行音乐中,失真常被运用。作曲家可以通过各种调制技术来改变原有声音波形。摇滚乐队经常使用反馈手段或通过过载放大器、扬声器来产生失真效果。

This term refers to changes of a sound waveform which occur in electroacoustic systems. Problems in an electroacoustical system which produce distortion are the following: the inability to maintain linearity, resulting in the addition of unwanted harmonics; the inability to pass the complete audio spectrum equally; the inability to handle transients; the inability to pass all signals in the same amount of time.

In electroacoustic music and some kinds of modern popular music, distortion is exploited for musical purposes. The composer may alter the waveform of the original sound by various modulation techniques. Rock groups often create distorted effects by means of feedback or by overloading the amplifiers and speakers. (reduced from Barry Truax - Handbook for Acoustic Ecology CD-ROM Edition. Cambridge Street Publishing, 1999 - CSR-CDR 9901)

EARS 2:

失真有时被故意使用,但也常偶然的出现在混音过程中。

如果一个声波过于响并超过最大阈值,录音工具则会将波的顶底部剪除,省略掉一部分波。

这种手段是将平滑模式的波中断(正弦波变成方波),通过回放可发现声音质量受到了影响。

失真被故意作为一种效果。

失真可以被创造性地使用。添加一些噪声并使用模糊质地的声音让其听起来更令人印象深刻。 

失真的声音经常显得“模糊”、“刺耳”。

增加失真.
聆听一个声音不断循环,并增大其音量,失真的效果开始出现。你应该能听到一个“模糊”并且“刺耳”的失真声音出现。

摇滚吉他手经常使用失真。

未失真的电吉他 
可以清晰的听出每根琴弦发出的音。

失真的吉他 
听见的是轰鸣的失真声音,以及在即兴乐段声音变得模糊。

Distortion is sometimes used deliberately as an effect, but can also be created accidentally within the process of mixing.

If a sound wave is so loud that the top of its wave exceeds the maximum threshold of the recording tool then the top of the wave will be cut off or ‘clipped’.

This means that the smooth pattern of the wave is interrupted, thus affecting the sound that can be played back.

Distortion as a Deliberate effect

Distortion can be used creatively. It will add noise to sounds and can be used to thicken sound textures and make them seem more impressive.

Distorted sounds often appear ‘fuzzy’ or ‘harsh’.

Increasing Distortion.
Listen to this looped sound as it increases in volume and distortion begins to affect the sound. You should be able to hear the 'fuzzy' and 'harsh' nature of distortion emerge.

Rock guitarists often use distortion.

Un-distorted electric guitar
Listen to the clarity and twang of the notes.

Distorted Guitar
Listen out for the roar of the distortion and how it makes the riff fuzzy.

参看其它/See Also

Creative Abuse/(创造力滥用);

术语翻译/Terms Translator

程文/Cheng Wen

术语校对/Terms Proofreader

术语顾问/Consultant to terminology

参考文献/Bibliography

标题Title副标题Subtitle
音频专业临界聆听技巧Critical Listening Skills for Audio Professionals  

讲座/Lecture

题目Title时间/Start Time
音频专业临界聆听技巧Critical Listening Skills for Audio Professionals8/17/2012 10:00:00 AM

评论/Comments

评论/Comment ID用户名/User Name内容/Content时间/Input Date
195Luan0426

ID107是以物理和声学的角度阐述intermodulation,而ears上intermodulation的定义更注重电子音乐创作技术和人文的角度。

5/3/2014 2:24:01 AM
170Luan0426

Intermodulation or intermodulation distortion (IMD) is the amplitude modulation of signals containing two or more different frequencies in a system with nonlinearities. The intermodulation between each frequency component will form additional signals at frequencies that are not just at harmonic frequencies (integer multiples) of either, but also at the sum and difference frequencies of the original frequencies and at multiples of those sum and difference frequencies.


相互调制或相互调制失真(简称 互调失真)是在非线性系统中包含两个或两个以上不同频率信号的振幅调制。每个频率分量之间的互调都将会产生新的频率,而不只是谐波频率(整数倍的),还包括原始频率的和频及差频以及和差频的倍数。

译者注解(Addition comments from translator):

通过公式可以简单理解并测量互调失真现象:

当频率a和频率b互相混合后,将会产生两个新的频率:a+b(和频)和a-b(差频)。

设
a+b=c
a-b=d

那么a和c、d,以及b和c、d又会混合产生新的和频及差频,以此类推。

因此,互调失真严重的硬件或软件播放器,会产生过多的额外频率,也称染色,互调失真小的播放器则会更好的还原声音的原始特性。

9/29/2013 8:28:13 PM

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