The 空间 位置 of 声波 is one of the most 重要 元素 in our 经验 of 声波

Moving 声波 源 vs Stationary Loudspeakers
声波 源 often move in the real world e g a passing train a swooping bird

But if we 捕捉 声 and play them back using a stationary 扬声器 then the 声波 no longer moves It now comes from a single 固定 and stationary point – the non-moving 扬声器

Simulating Position
By using 多 扬声器 we can 再引入 the 印象 of 定位 and 动作 for 声

The most common setup is to have two 扬声器 and this 布置 is known as 立体声

Fact
This 种类 of setup is so common that most 人 simply refer to their 樂/乐 系统 as ‘a stereo’

作曲 Tip
By changing the 相对 级 of 响度 in each of these 扬声器 we can 再造 the 印象 of 定位 and later 动作 This 技能 is known as 声像 or 声像

立体声 声波 Placement

No Sound
off in both speakers
there is no 声波

中心 Panning
ON BOTH speakers
the 声波 appears to come from the 中心

Left Panning
ON LEFT off right
声波 appears to come from the left

Right Panning
off left ON RIGHT
声波 appears to come from the right

Click the 跟随 link to see these same examples displayed graphically in an

Tip
声 that are positioned on top of each other will compete and cover each other Therefore to be able to 听 all 声 清楚 we should 用 the 声像 工具 in order to 移位/偏移 声 to the Right or to the Left

If you want to give the 印象 of 动作 for 例如 of an 对象 passing by the 听众 then why 不 用 自动化 to 声像 the 对象 from Left to Right over 时间

Reintroducing Movement
If we slowly change the proportion of Left and Right 通道 声 – 增 the 声波 级 in one 扬声器 while 减 it in another – we can 创作 the 印象 of 动作

Moving Clock
自动化 has been used to 移位/偏移 the balance of 声波 between left and right 扬声器 This makes the 时钟 appear to move

Beyond 立体声 – 多线路 Sound
By using even more 扬声器 and 定位 them behind as well as in front of us think about the 环绕 声波 in the 电影 we can 创作 the 印象 of 声 moving all around us

With 多 扬声器 we can play with a 空间 just like we can play with 声

声像 allows us to move 声 about and to begin to 用 空间 and 空间 位置 as a 工具 in the 作曲 过程

Fact
The idea of using 空间 within a 樂/乐 语义（上下文） is by no 中项 new The 作曲家 Giovanni Gabrieli is known to have separated choirs at different sides of a cathedral in the late sixteenth century

环绕 Sound
One of the most exciting things about 声 is that they come to us from all directions

Max Neuhaus said to ‘listen’ 中项 amongst other things to 识别 where 声 come from

left and right
front and back
above and below
far away or very close
in the foreground middle ground and 背景 etc

To 听 these how 声 come to us from different 地点 can be a magnificent 经验

Activity
想像 the 跟随 soundscapes

Forest

树 and 本质（自然） surrounds us creaks from 树 can arrive from anywhere an animal may make a cry from afar whilst another swoops very close to where you are sitting

Insect 声 may 环绕 you and sometimes you simply can’t quite tell exactly where they are coming from

What else can you hear?

City

The city is all around us so are its 声 In fact we often rely on our 聆 out for the 位置 of 声 to keep us safe

Think about the 声 of distant sirens from emergence vehicles the 声 of cars and their horns whizzing past the 声 of footsteps passing in the street and the 声 of aeroplanes overhead The 位置 that 声 come from doesn’t have to be static

Think of traffic zooming past us In fact as a 声波 源 changes its position/location we can often 听 清楚 how the 声波 changes

Fact
扬声器 concerts 用 many 扬声器 to move 声 through a 空间 The 扬声器 are positioned all around the 间 环境 the 听众

声 come from all directions e g behind above below etc

作曲 Tutorial
学习 how to 控制 and 操控 空间 within 作曲 With 声 through this 作曲 Tutorial on 空间