电子 樂/乐 is made from 电子 信号 which are converted into 声波 by 扬声器

Where did it begin?
In the 1950s composers in the 无线电 工作室 at Cologne Germany began to experiment in 创作 樂/乐 with 电子 设备

Many other 工作室 soon built up collections of 电子 设备 originally 发明 to test the 无线电 设备 and composers began to 用 these as new 乐器 with which they could 创作 new 作品

Solitaire by Arne Nordheim
听 to this 作品 of 电子 樂/乐 composed by the Norwegian Arne Nordheim in 1968 Individual 电子 音 are 循环 layered and 合并 to 创作 a rich and dramatic 声波 world with a great 感觉 of 深 See below for a more detailed 调查 of this clip

What does this 樂/乐 involve?
By working with 电子 震荡器 composers were able to 控制 every 细节 of the 声 that they 创作 This allowed them to be very precise and 创作 exactly the 种类 of 声波 that they planned

They were able to 操控 the 主要 参数 of 声波 音高 响度 时值 with the 控制 on their 电子 设备 and to 改 音色 and character of the 声 that they 创作 by changing the 基础 soundwave 种类 and the 形状 of the 声 over 时间

Absolute Control
Starting with the 基础 building blocks of 声波 gives the 作曲家 absolute 控制 from the beginning However this does 中项 that the 作曲家 must specify every 细节 about the 声波 in order to get the 声波 that they want

But working with 纯 电子 音 as building blocks composers of 电子 樂/乐 have a much cleaner working 过程 than the messy and 实验 world of 樂/乐 實/具体 They begin with 纯 simple 声 and build them into more 复杂 结构

Fact
Because they were able to easily 创作 a lot of 声 many composers used simple rules to help them 窄 down the 声 that they wanted to 用 in their 作品

These rules might involve

a only using a select few 声
b never using the same 声 next to one another or
c leaving it completely up to 偶然性 and letting the roll of dice decide which 声波 to 用 next

作曲 Tools
电子 樂/乐 声 are mostly 生成 and designed in the way the 作曲家 wants them

Sometimes manipulations are needed and those commonly used in 电子 樂/乐 are

Loop
Transposition
Filter
Reverb
Echo

How was that 作品 made?
The 例如 which we 听 to 早期 “Solitaire” [by Arne Nordheim] is made from three 主要 layers of 电子 声波

Click below to play the clip while viewing the 频谱图 可视化 of the 声波

学习 more about each of the three 片段 below

Extra
Karlheinz Stockhausen was an 重要 作曲家 of 电子 樂/乐 who worked in the Cologne 工作室

Before travelling to Cologne he worked with 皮埃尔 舍费尔 in Paris Because of this he 合并 both the 观念 and 方法 of 樂/乐 實/具体 with those of 德国电子 樂/乐 创作 作品 such as Gesang Der Jünglinge in which he 合并 录制 声 of a boy’s voice manipulated using 转换 切片 and montage with 电子 音

Extra
Further 作品 by Arne Nordheim are available from Rune Grammofon RCD 2002 c&p 1998

Click here to link to the other 乐 available

Keywords
虛/抽象 声 起衰延消 起（始） 衰（减） 延（续） 消（去）/释放 模拟 电子 樂/乐 德国电子 樂/乐 振荡器 音高 移位/偏移 正弦 Wave


百科
樂/乐 in which the 声波 材料 is 不 预录 but instead uniquely 生成 电子 through 震荡器 and 噪 发生器

There are some 尤其 in the United States who 用 this 术语 today as a synonym for 電聲學/电声学 樂/乐

The German 相当于 德国电子 樂/乐 has more precise 历史 connotations referring to 电子 生成 post-serial 作曲 that commenced in the early 1950s in the 广播 工作室 in Cologne In French 电子 樂/乐 is also currently used as a synonym for 风格 of 流行 电子 樂/乐 such as 铁科诺 [EARS]