频谱主义 is a 术语 applied to composers since the 1980s whose 樂/乐 concerns include the 用 of instrumental vocal and 环境 声波 as models from which any 数 of attributes of a 樂/乐 作曲 e g micro-structures macro-structures 谐/泛音 content may be extrapolated or mapped The 术语 is 派生 from 'spectrum' and 作品 联合 with the 术语 has been facilitated through the 用 of the 算機/计算机 to spectrally 分析 模型 and 视觉 represent 声波 many composers thus called have worked at IRCAM Paris where 研究 in this 领域（野外） was prevalent during the 1980s and 90s 樂/乐 作曲 are 经常 for instrumental and vocal resources or 'mixed' 電聲學/电声学 作品 involving 表演者 and 现场 电子 and/or 磁带 Critics and scholars refer to composers such as Kaija Saariaho Tristan Murail Gerard Grisey Magnus Lindberg as Spectralistes