The 分析 of 電聲學/电声学 樂/乐 and 方面 within 電聲學/电声学 作品 pose 几个 challenges 不 the least of which is that this 樂/乐 represents the greatest leap in 樂/乐 历史 New 材料 treatment of 材料 and 结构 are 已有 and 创作 on a daily 基础 In consequence the 经验 offered to the 听众 has been equally revolutionised 清楚 传统 approaches to 分析 can be applied to a certain extent descriptive 结构 but in most cases these approaches have had to be supplemented by 声底 工具 as the 传统 参数 of 乐器 音高 节奏 and so on are 不 always 适合 元素 such as 音色 and 质地（纹理、织体） as well as 用 of 空间 can be at least as 重要 With this in mind new 策略 for postscriptive scoring from 形式 频谱 to informal reception-based notations have been 发展 and continue to do so 各种各样 approaches with borrowings from 心理声学 声学 接受 理论 and other 领域 have equally been 介绍 Ironically few large-scale 系统 have been devised to assist in analysing 電聲學/电声学 作品 Schaeffer's early writings supplemented by Smalley's contributions in 频谱形态 represent 重要 exceptions