A 形（曲）式 of 朋克 rock and 实验 电子 樂/乐 characterized by the 用 of non-traditional instrumentation 范围（排列） from raw 材料 glass metal wood etc to the 工具 and machines that 过程 these 材料 hammers drills presses etc to the manufactured 对象 themselves phones vacuum cleaners televisions radios etc 工业 樂/乐 first arose in the mid-1970s with groups such as Cabaret Voltaire Einstürzende Neubauten and Throbbing Gristle
源 – Cox C and Warner D 2004 為耳/音频 Culture Readings in 现代 樂/乐 连续统一