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滤器 Banks and Equalizers

A 滤器 bank is a group of 滤器 that are fed the same 信号 in parallel figure 5 30 Each 滤器 is typically a 窄 带通 滤器 set at a 特定 频率 The 滤 信号 are often 合并 to 形(曲)式 the 输出 声波 When each 滤器 has its own 级 控制 the 滤器 bank is called a 频谱 shaper

A 图表 均器 has 控制 that mirror the 形状 of the filter's 频率 响应/反应 曲线 figure 5 31a Each 滤器 has a 固定 中心 频率 a 固定 频带宽度(带宽) typically one-third of an 倍频程(八度) and a 固定 Q值 Some units can switch between 几个 Q值 设置 The 响应/反应 of each 滤器 can be varied by 中项 of a 线性 推子 to cut or 提升 特定 频率 频带 The 潜力 频率 响应/反应 of such a 滤器 is shown in figure 5 31b

A 参数 均器 包含 a fewer 数 of 滤器 but the 控制 of each 滤器 is more 灵活 A typical 布置 is to have three or four 滤器 in parallel Users can adjust 独立 the 中心 频率 the Q值 and the amount of cut or 提升 of each 滤器 A 半参数化 均器 has a 固定 Q值

A 滤器 that has 几个 regular sharp curves in its 频率 响应/反应 is called a 梳状 滤器

The 终 滤器 to mention is an 全通 滤器 For a steady-state unchanging 声波 fed into it an 全通 滤器 passes all 频率 equally well with unity gainhence its name All 滤器 introduce some 相位 移位/偏移 while attentuating or 增强 certain 频率 but the 主要 效果(效应) of an 全通 滤器 is to 移位/偏移 相位

时变 减 合成

滤器 can be 固定 or 时变 In a 固定 滤器 all the 属性 of the 滤器 are predefined and do 不 change over 时间 This situation is typical of conventional 樂/乐 錄/录 where the 声波 engineer sets the 均 for each 通道 at the beginning of the 作品
时变 滤器 have many 樂/乐 应用(应用程序) 尤其 in 电子 and 算機/计算机 樂/乐 where the goal is to surpass the limits of 传统 乐器 A 带通 滤器 whose Q值 中心 频率 and 衰减 change over 时间 can impose a enormous variety of 声波 色 尤其 if the 信号 being 滤 is also 时变

A prime 例如 of a 系统 for 时变 减 合成 is the SYTERa 数字 信号 处理器 发展 in the late 1970s at the Groupe de Recherches Musicale GRM 工作室 in Paris by Jean-François

Analysis/resynthesis 系统 底/基于 on 减 滤器 rather than on 加 震荡器 are capable of approximating any 声波 In practice most of the 分析 and 数据 简化 技术 employed in 减 analysis/resynthesis are geared toward 语 合成 since this is where most of 研究 has been concentrated Flanagan et al 1970 Flanagan 1972

The 声码器

The 原始/原创 减 analysis/synthesis 系统 is the 声码器 demonstrated by a talking robot at the 1936 World's Fair in New York City

In 樂/乐 应用(应用程序) the separation of the driving 功能(函数) or 共鸣 from the excitation 功能(函数) 中项 that 节奏 音高 and 音色 are 独立 可控 For 例如 a 作曲家 can change the 音高 of a singing voice by changing the 频率 of the excitation 功能(函数) but retain the 原始/原创 频谱 清晰度/演奏法 of the voice By stretching or shrinking the driving 功能(函数) over 时间 a 作品 of spoken text can be slowed down or sped up without 移位/偏移 the 音高 or affecting the 共振峰 结构